And a related question would be how much risk of life do you think is appropriate for firefighters to take in order to protect private property that is often set on fire due to the negligence of the property owner? That obviously isn't the case with the LA fires. But it frequently is for most ordinary fires.
The National Fire Protection Association® (NFPA®) released its “Fatal Firefighter Injuries in the U.S. in 2023” report, which showed a total of 89 on-duty U.S. firefighter fatalities in 2023, representing an eight percent decline over the 97 fatal injuries in 2022. Of these deaths, 50 were volunteer firefighters and 30 were career firefighters; the nine non-municipal firefighter fatalities included five full-time state forestry rangers or technicians, one state forestry contractor, one full-time federal forest service firefighter, and two military firefighters.
The 89 firefighter fatalities in 2023 are higher than the totals in recent years; it’s also the second-highest number since 2013, when 98 on-duty fatal injuries were reported. However, much of the increase over the past two years reflects the inclusion of cardiac deaths and strokes or aneurysms occurring within 24 hours of duty, irrespective of manifested or reported symptoms while on duty. These deaths were previously not counted unless there was a specific physical complaint while the firefighter was on duty.
According to the newly released report, reductions in the number of fatalities among career firefighters accounted for most of the decline (23 percent), from 39 deaths in 2022 to 30 in 2023. In addition, while heart attacks remain the leading medical cause of death, there was a 20 percent decline in the number of career firefighter heart attacks - from 15 fatalities in 2022 to 12 in 2023.
The largest share of deaths (32 fatalities) occurred on the fireground while firefighters were operating at fires or explosions. Although this number reflects a downward trend in deaths since the late 1970s—when the number of fireground deaths annually averaged more than 80 per year—the 2023 total is higher than the average for the previous 10 years, and is the highest total since 2013, when 57 firefighters were killed in fireground incidents involving roof or floor collapses, falling objects, entrapment, or rapid-fire progress.
“The fatalities due to rapid-fire progression and structural collapses may be at least partially due to the fact that today’s fires burn hotter and faster,” said Jay Petrillo, a fire data analyst at NFPA and co-author of the report. “Fortunately, within the fire service there is certainly recognition of the importance of improving knowledge about fire behavior and fire dynamics in order to better protect firefighter safety and health.”
Overexertion and strain accounted for more than one-half (54 percent) of the fatalities in 2023, with the vast majority (48 fatalities) being sudden cardiac deaths. According to the report, fitness programs, annual medical evaluations, and medical monitoring are well-recognized preventive measures for cardiac health for all firefighters, but with the predominance of volunteer firefighters among the sudden cardiac deaths within 24 hours, additional areas of intervention are likely needed.